Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539)
Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, was born in 1469 in Nankana Sahib, now in Pakistan. He emphasised the oneness of God and the equality of all human beings, regardless of caste, creed, or gender.
Guru Nanak’s teachings focused on three core principles: Naam Japna (meditating on God’s name), Kirat Karni (earning an honest living), and Vand Chakna (sharing with others). He travelled extensively, spreading his message of love, compassion, and unity.
Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Guru, is credited with developing the Gurmukhi script, which became the standard writing system for the Punjabi language. He compiled the hymns of Guru Nanak and promoted physical fitness and community service.
Guru Angad’s emphasis on education and literacy helped preserve and propagate Sikh teachings.
Guru Angad Dev Ji (1504-1552)
Guru Amar Das Ji (1479-1574)
Guru Amar Das Ji, the third Guru, institutionalised the practice of Langar (community kitchen), where people of all backgrounds could eat together, symbolising equality. He also established the Manji system, appointing women as preachers and leaders, thus promoting gender equality.
Guru Amar Das Ji’s contributions significantly strengthened the Sikh community’s social and spiritual fabric.
Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Guru, founded the city of Amritsar, which became the spiritual centre of Sikhism. He composed numerous hymns and emphasised the importance of humility and devotion.
Guru Ram Das Ji’s teachings continue to inspire Sikhs to live a life of service and humility.
Guru Ram Das Ji (1534-1581)
Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563-1606)
Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Guru, compiled the Adi Granth, the holy scripture of Sikhism, which later became the Guru Granth Sahib. He also constructed the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar, a symbol of spiritual and temporal authority.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji was martyred for his faith, standing up against oppression and tyranny.
Guru Hargobind Ji, the sixth Guru, introduced the concept of Miri and Piri, representing temporal and spiritual authority. He wore two swords, symbolising the balance between spiritual and worldly responsibilities.
Guru Hargobind Ji also established the Akal Takht, the highest seat of temporal authority for Sikhs, and led the community in defending their rights and freedoms.
Guru Hargobind Ji (1595-1644)
Guru Har Rai Ji (1630-1661)
Guru Har Rai Ji, the seventh Guru, was known for his compassion and commitment to environmental conservation. He established hospitals and herbal gardens, promoting health and well-being.
Guru Har Rai Ji’s teachings emphasised the importance of compassion, humility, and service to humanity.
Guru Har Krishan Ji, the eighth Guru, became the youngest Guru at the age of five. Despite his young age, he was known for his wisdom and healing powers.
During a smallpox epidemic in Delhi, Guru Har Krishan Ji selflessly served the sick and suffering, ultimately sacrificing his own life. His legacy is one of compassion and selfless service.
Guru Har Krishan Ji (1656-1664)
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (1621-1675)
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Guru, is remembered for his unwavering commitment to religious freedom. He stood up against the forced conversions of Hindus by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and was martyred for defending the right to religious freedom.
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji’s sacrifice is a testament to the Sikh principles of justice and human rights.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth and final human Guru, founded the Khalsa in 1699, a collective body of initiated Sikhs committed to upholding justice and righteousness. He introduced the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Sikhs wear, symbolising their commitment to the faith.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji also declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs, ensuring that the teachings of Sikhism would continue to guide the community.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1666-1708)