Introduction to Sikhism

Sikhism, founded in the 15th century by Guru Nanak Dev Ji in the Punjab region of India, is a monotheistic religion that emphasises equality, love, and selfless service. With over 30 million followers worldwide, it is one of the youngest and most vibrant major religions. Sikhism promotes a life of devotion, honest living, and community service, transcending barriers of caste, creed, and gender.

Core Beliefs of Sikhism

One God Sikhs believe in one God, referred to as Waheguru, who is formless, eternal, and omnipresent. This belief in a single, all-pervading spirit is central to Sikhism, rejecting the worship of idols or demi-gods.

Equality and Justice Equality is a cornerstone of Sikhism. Guru Nanak Dev Ji taught that all humans are equal, regardless of race, gender, or social status. This principle is reflected in the practices of the Gurdwara (Sikh temple), where everyone sits together to eat in the Langar (community kitchen), symbolising equality and unity2.

The Three Pillars
Sikhism is guided by three primary principles:

Naam Japna: Meditating on God’s name.
Kirat Karni: Earning an honest living.
Vand Chakna: Sharing with others and selflessly serving the community.

The Ten Gurus

Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak Dev Ji and further developed by nine successive Gurus. Each Guru contributed to the faith’s teachings and practices:

Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Founder of Sikhism, emphasised equality and devotion to one God.
Guru Angad Dev Ji: Developed the Gurmukhi script.
Guru Amar Das Ji: Established the Langar system.
Guru Ram Das Ji: Founded the city of Amritsar.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji: Compiled the Adi Granth, the holy scripture.
Guru Hargobind Ji: Introduced the concept of Miri and Piri (temporal and spiritual authority).
Guru Har Rai Ji: Emphasised compassion and healing.
Guru Har Krishan Ji: Known for his wisdom and healing powers.
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji: Martyred for defending religious freedom.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Founded the Khalsa, a collective body of initiated Sikhs, and declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru.

The Guru Granth Sahib

The Guru Granth Sahib is the central religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded as the eternal Guru. It contains the teachings of the Sikh Gurus and various saints from different backgrounds, emphasising the universality of its message. Sikhs treat the Guru Granth Sahib with the utmost respect, and it is recited daily in Gurdwaras.

The Five Ks

Initiated Sikhs, known as Khalsa, adhere to the Five Ks, which are physical symbols of their faith and commitment:

Kesh: Uncut hair, symbolising acceptance of God’s will.
Kanga: A wooden comb, representing cleanliness.
Kara: A steel bracelet, signifying restraint and gentility.
Kachera: Cotton undergarments, denoting self-control.
Kirpan: A ceremonial sword, embodying the duty to protect the weak and uphold justice.

Sikh Practices

Daily Prayers

Sikhs engage in daily prayers and meditation, known as Nitnem, which includes recitations from the Guru Granth Sahib. These prayers help Sikhs stay connected to their faith and maintain spiritual discipline.

Langar

The Langar, or community kitchen, is a fundamental aspect of Sikhism. It serves free meals to all visitors, regardless of their background, promoting equality and community service. The tradition of Langar was established by Guru Nanak Dev Ji and continues to be a vital practice in Gurdwaras worldwide.

Seva

Seva, or selfless service, is a core principle of Sikhism. Sikhs are encouraged to volunteer their time and resources to help others, whether through community service, charity work, or assisting in the Gurdwara.

Sikh Festivals

Sikhism celebrates several important festivals, each with its own significance:

Vaisakhi: Marks the founding of the Khalsa in 1699 by Guru Gobind Singh Ji. It is celebrated with processions, prayers, and community gatherings.
Gurpurabs: Commemorate the birthdays and martyrdoms of the Sikh Gurus. These are observed with prayers, Kirtan (devotional singing), and Langar.
Diwali: Known as Bandi Chhor Divas in Sikhism, it celebrates the release of Guru Hargobind Ji from imprisonment.

Sikhs have a proud history of military service, and their contributions during the World Wars are particularly noteworthy. During World War I, at least 19 Sikhs enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF). Despite their small numbers, their impact was significant. Sikh soldiers fought bravely alongside the ANZACs, particularly in the Gallipoli campaign, where the 14th Sikh Regiment displayed extraordinary valor.

The 14th Sikhs suffered heavy casualties but remained steadfast in their duty. General Sir Ian Hamilton praised their gallantry, noting that their actions during the Third Battle of Krithia were among the finest displays of courage and discipline in military history. This legacy of bravery continued into World War II, where Sikhs again served with distinction, further solidifying their reputation as fearless warriors.

Current Contributions Through Selfless Service

In contemporary Australia, Sikhs continue to make significant contributions to society, particularly through their commitment to Seva (selfless service). This principle is deeply embedded in Sikhism and is evident in the numerous community service initiatives led by Sikh organisations across the country.

One of the most visible forms of Seva is the Langar, or community kitchen, which provides free meals to all, regardless of background. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sikh communities in Australia stepped up their efforts, providing thousands of free meals daily to those affected by lockdowns and economic hardships. This tradition of Langar not only addresses immediate needs but also creates a sense of community and equality.

Sikhs have also been at the forefront of disaster relief efforts. Whether it’s bushfires, floods, or other emergencies, Sikh volunteers are often among the first to respond, offering food, shelter, and support to those in need. Their actions have earned widespread respect and appreciation, highlighting the importance of community solidarity in times of crisis.

Promoting Cultural Harmony

Beyond their charitable work, Sikhs in Australia actively promote cultural harmony and understanding. They organise events, educational programs, and interfaith dialogues to bridge cultural divides and promote mutual respect. These efforts are crucial in a multicultural society like Australia, where diversity is both a strength and a challenge.